Jörg Plöger

Lima, like other Latin American metropolises, has experienced profound changes since the 90´s. The new spatial order is characterised by an increased number of gated residential areas. This particular outcome in the Peruvian capital needs special attention. The article focuses in the so-called residential en-claves. Due to a lack of prior studies in this area, a general overview is given and a typology of Lima is established. This is done to present evidence from selected neighbourhoods that illustrate the characteristics of residential enclave buildings. This process involves the appropiation, control and fortification of space in existing neighbourhoods through the initiative of their residents. It will be argued that this proces is closely related to both, the exposure of the population to a range of insecurities and the inability of the state to provide sufficient protection.
Key words: Lima, residential enclaves, gated communities, insecurity, spatial appropriation, urban development, security factors, fortification, urban geography.

	Resumen La formación de enclaves residenciales en Lima en el contexto de la inseguridad.
	Al igual que otras metrópolis latinoamericanas, Lima ha experimentado profundos cambios desde la década de 1990. Una característica del nuevo orden espacial es el aumento de áreas residenciales vigiladas. Por lo tanto, la capital peruana merece una atención especial. Este artículo hace un enfoque en los llamados enclaves residenciales. Debido a la carencia de estudios previos, se presenta un panorama general, así como también una tipología. A continuación, se expone evidencia de barrios seleccionados para demostrar las características de la formación de enclaves residenciales. Este proceso incluye la apropiación, el control y la fortificación del espacio en barrios existentes a través de la iniciativa propia de sus habitantes. Se argumenta que dicho proceso está estrechamente relacionado con la exposición de la población a una serie de inseguridades y la incapacidad del Estado de proveer una suficiente protección. Palabras claves: Lima, enclaves residenciales, barrios cerrados, inseguridad, apropriación espacial, desarrollo urbano, security actors, fortificación, geografía urbana.

	Abstract Residential enclaves in Lima: their formation due to insecurity factors.
	Lima, like other Latin American metropolises, has experienced profound changes since the 90´s. The new spatial order is characterised by an increased number of gated residential areas. This particular outcome in the Peruvian capital needs special attention. The article focuses in the so-called residential en-claves. Due to a lack of prior studies in this area, a general overview is given and a typology of Lima is established. This is done to present evidence from selected neighbourhoods that illustrate the characteristics of residential enclave buildings. This process involves the appropiation, control and fortification of space in existing neighbourhoods through the initiative of their residents. It will be argued that this proces is closely related to both, the exposure of the population to a range of insecurities and the inability of the state to provide sufficient protection. Key words: Lima, residential enclaves, gated communities, insecurity, spatial appropriation, urban development, security factors, fortification, urban geography.